Fuel burner



Sept. 26, 1939. 2,174,082

FUEL BURNER Filed Sept. 4, 1937 Al heus D. Gasiorx Patented Sept. 26, 1939 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 2 Claims.

This invention relates to new and useful im-' provements in fuel burners.

One object of the invention is to provide an improved fuel burner which will be free from 5. adjustable parts and which will not require frequent regulation and in which more efiicient mixing and combustion will be produced, and also whereby quicker heating will be carried out.

Another object of the invention is to provide If an improved fuel burner having means for directing the liquid fuel into the ,atomizing stream of steam at a point where the pressure of the latter is highest, whereby lower pressure may be utilized and smaller steam openings be provided,

' 1-: Still another object of the invention is to provide an improved fuel burner having projections or ribs between its steam discharge openings whereby the liquid fuel will flow directly over the steam openings and be atomized at that point,

2:1 thereby permitting fewer and smaller steam openings to be used and consequently less pressure.

A further object of the invention is to provide an improved burner which will preheat the liq- 25 uid fuel, causing gases to rise out of said fuel,

thereby requiring less oxygen in the burner.

A construction designed to carry out the invention will be hereinafter described, together with other features of the invention.

:30 The invention will be more readily understood from a reading of the following specification and by reference to the accompanying drawing, in which an example of the invention is shown, and wherein:

35 Figure 1 is a longitudinal, vertical, sectional view of a burner constructed in accordance with the invention,

Figure 2 is a horizontal cross-sectional View taken on the line 2--2 of Figure 1,

it Figure 3 is a perspective view of the burner,

and

Figure 4 is a vertical cross-sectional view taken on the line 4-4 of Figure 1.

V In the drawing, the numeral l designates a burner head or body having at its forward end a transversely flared nozzle ll. At the central portion of the body, a transverse web or partition 52 extends forwardly and longitudinally of m the body from the rear wall l3. This partition divides the burner into two longitudinal ducts or channels, whereby an upper channel A and a lower channel B are formed. An oil supply pipe A is screwed into the Wall !3 to supply oil, or

55 other fuel, to the duct A, while a steam pipe B is similarly mounted to supply steam to the duct B.

The duct B terminates short of the forward end of the headand substantially at the rear portion of the nozzle H. It is preferable to cast 5 the head H] as .an integral body and as a manufacturing expedient to mold in the front end of the duct an orifice bar or plate l4, which extends substantially across the duct and is provided with spaced openings or orifices l5. These orifices are comparatively small so that jets or fine streams of steam will be ejected from the duct B through the nozzle II. Vertical ribs l6 extend upwardly on the front or outer surface of the plate l4 between the orifices I5 and have their upper ends terminating flush with the upper surface of the partition l2. The outer upward portions of the ribs it are curved to conform with the curvature of the duct B, as is clearly shown in Figure 1. These ribs form grooves 11 on thev g0 outer surface of the plate l4 directly in front of the orifices I5, whereby oil or other liquid flowing forwardly in the duct A will be divided into streams and directed downwardly into the grooves I1 and directly over the orifices l5. By dividing the liquid fuel into streams and directing it into the grooves ll, said fuel is introduced into the jets of steam directed from the orifices l5 in the forward end of the duct B whereby the fuel is quickly atomized. An overhanging .hood' I8 is provided at the front end of the duct A above the nozzle l l. Between the hood and the end of the duct B, a transverse baffle I9 is cast in the head and this bafile is curved longitudinally of the head so that its lower end overhangs the front end of the duct B ,and terminates just above the plate [4. By this arrangement, an upper passage or channel 20 is formed between the hood and the bafiie, while a lower passage 2| is formed between the 0 baflle and the partition I2. In rear of the baffie, a transverse air flue 22 is formed in the head and the rear wall 23 of this flue is inclined forwardly and downwardly toward the partition l2 to form a slight deflector for the liquid entering 5 the said duct.

A transverse air opening 24, which is forwardly inclined, is provided in the bottom of the nozzle l I in front of the duct B whereby air is admitted to the rear of said nozzle. In operating the 5 burner, oil or any other liquid fuel isintroduced into the duct A while steam is supplied to the duct B. The steam, being under pressure, is discharged from the orifices IS in jets or streams and thus becomes the atomizing means. The deflector 23 will cause the oil to travel along the upper side of the partition I21 and the air entering the flue 22, together with the bafiie l9, will force the oil into the nozzle II, where it will be admixed with the steam. Part of this oil will contact the ribs 16 and be divided into small streams, as described heretofore, whereby the oil will be more thoroughly atomized and the ribs will aid the more efficient and economical atomization of said oil.

When the burner is in operation, the head ID will become hot and, therefore, gases will arise from the oil as it travels forwardly on the partition 12. These gases will be carried over the baille l9 into the channel 20, while the air, which is drawn through the flue 22 by the suction created by the steam, will be carried into the channel 2i and deflected downwardly by the baffle.

The suction created by the atomization of the steam will draw air upwardly through the opening 24 and will also carry into the steam jets any surplus oil which might drip from the front end of the duct B. As set out above, the oil will flow forwardly on the partition l2 until it reaches theplate 14, at which point it will begin to flow down the outer face of said plate. The ribs IE will separate this flow into several streams, each of which will tend to stay between the ribs and Within a groove. The number of these grooves and consequently the number of streams will depend upon the number of ribs provided in the burner, and it is obvious that these streams will be directed immediately in front of the steam jets being directed from the orifices l5, whereby the oil will be more readily admixed with the steam.

Heretofore, there has been considerable difficulty in providing enough steam under pressure to automatically create a suction sumcient to pick up and atomize the flow of all the oil used. In order to accomplish this atomization, it has been the practice to provide more steam openings in the plate l4. This necessitates the use of steam at a higher pressure, thus increasing the cost of operation. With the burner herein disclosed and described, it is possible and practical to employ fewer openings, thereby utilizing steam of a lower pressure which obviously reduces the operating cost.

The description which has been given recites more or less detail of a'particular embodiment of the invention, which is set forth as new and useful, however, it should be understood that the discharge end, whereby a low pressure atomizing fluid may be used and dissipation of pressure minimized, a nozzle extending forwardly from the orifices of the second duct, and a plurality of verticalribs mounted on the discharge end of said second duct between the atomizing orifices and extending above and below said orifices within said nozzle, the ribs forming a vertical groove in front of each orifice, said grooves having their upper ends communicating with the discharge end of the fuel duct for receiving the liquid fuel therefrom and conducting the same in a number small streams downwardly in said grooves into the paths of the atomizing fluid discharged from the orifices, whereby said liquid fuel may be quickly and thoroughly atomized.

2. A fuel burner including, a burner head having extending longitudinally therein a liquid fuel duct and an underlying duct co-extensive therewith for receiving and conducting an atomizing fluid, the second duct having a small number of transversely-disposed atomizing orifices at its discharge end, whereby a low pressure atomizing fluid may be used and dissipation of pressure minimized, a nozzle extending forwardly from the orifices of the second duct, and a plurality of vertical ribs mounted on the discharge end of said second duct between the atomizing orifices and extending above and below said orifices within said nozzle, the ribs forming a vertical groove in front of each orifice so as to separate the liquid fuel into a number of small streams which flow downwardly within the nozzle into the paths of the atomizing fluid, the diameter of each orifice being equal to the width of its groove, whereby the entire portion of each fuel stream must flow in front of an orifice so as to be thoroughly and completely atomized,

ALPHEUS D. GASTON. 

